A Brief History Of Lending

SivaShankar M

September 1, 2016 7 minutes read

Fintech

[vc_row][vc_column width=”3/4″][stm_post_details][vc_column_text]
Lending is the term which arose from ancient days. We all have heard or spoken about this word in our day to day life. Until the world exists, the term lending will evolve with the humans. Firstly, let me put a question before you
What is lending?
Every individual has a different form of an answer but ending up with common statement i.e. “getting the money for interest”. A Lender gives the loan to a person which is to repay with a certain amount of interest which is pre-defined.

Early stage of lending system

The lending system was originated in Ancient Greece and Rome 3000 years ago. One of the oldest methods of lending was followed by the pawnbrokers. Pawnbrokers lend by collecting collaterals from the borrower to reduce the risk of the lender. This system was followed by the exchange of goods at an initial stage. For example, people get the money from the lender and in return, they gave the equivalent amount of goods to him. In Zamindar system, the people get the money from zamindars and then work for him to repay the amount. For farmers, the mill owners lend the amount to farm the grains and purchased the grains from them.
The new era of lending was evolved in the early 1800s. The building society and savings fund society was started during this era.

Ketley’s Building Society was the world’s first building society which is founded in Birmingham, England in 1775 by the landlord Richard Ketley.Monthly member subscriptions financed to construct the building of member houses.

Later, the system has changed with property loan. The people got the lending with the surety of their property. Since then, the lending system has got sustainable growth and evolved with the development of technology.

Modern lending system

The modern lending system has been arising with the emergence of technology involvement in banks and financial institutions from 1950’s. The government formed organisations like RBI in India, Monetary Authority of Singapore(MAS) in Singapore, Federal Reserve System in the USA to monitor and make regulations to the banking system in their countries. Banks started providing the loans to its customers based on their needs and purposes. There are different types of loans provided by the banks and other financial institutions. They are,[/vc_column_text][vc_tta_tabs shape=”square” spacing=”” active_section=”1″ el_class=”theme_style”][vc_tta_section title=”Secured loans” tab_id=”1472889031480-ffe57118-77e9″][vc_column_text]Secured loans are provided with the submission of the asset as collateral’s. The loan amount will be given based on the value of their property submitted. The main advantage of secured loan is low-interest rate and larger loan amount. The commonly provided secured loans are home loans, car loans, etc.

In December 2012, Secured Loan lender Nemo Personal Finance based in the UK launched the secured loan with (market’s lowest ever) interest rates of 5.592% per annum for employed applicants and 6.54% per annum for self-employed applicants.
In February 2013, Shawbrook Bank in the UK launched a secured loan product that allows loans to 95% of property value.

[/vc_column_text][/vc_tta_section][vc_tta_section title=”Unsecured loans” tab_id=”1472889031520-a2baacd4-9146″][vc_column_text]The Unsecured loans are issued only by seeing the creditworthiness of the borrower. No collaterals are needed for these types of loans. Usually, unsecured loans are obtained for a higher rate of interest. The different unsecured loans are credit cards, personal loans, bank overdrafts, corporate bonds, etc.

In 1951, Franklin National Bank in New York introduced the first bank credit card to their loan customers. In India, the credit card was first introduced by the Andhra Bank in 1981.

[/vc_column_text][/vc_tta_section][vc_tta_section title=”Demand loans” tab_id=”1472889219221-67597eeb-11e9″][vc_column_text]Demand loans are the short term loans which do not have fixed time of repayment and also the floating interest i.e. varying interest according to the lending institution. In this type of loan, the lender can ask the borrower to repay the loan at any time.[/vc_column_text][/vc_tta_section][vc_tta_section title=”Subsidised loans” tab_id=”1472889264479-d0eed66e-4047″][vc_column_text]Subsidised loans are issued with some benefits to the borrower such as reduction in interest rate or partial reduction in payment amount and period. These are mainly initiated by the government in providing the educational loans and agriculture loans, etc.

In USA, the government is providing educational loan without interest for the students. In India, there are a lot of subsidised loans provided to farmers and entrepreneurs to grow in their field.

[/vc_column_text][/vc_tta_section][vc_tta_section title=”Concessional loans” tab_id=”1472889307299-f9f2eef8-10fe”][vc_column_text]Concessional loans are otherwise called as “Soft loans” and they are provided with zero interest rate or with the interest rate lower than the market rate. These types of loans have a lenient grace period for a long period of time. These loans are provided for employees of the lending institution as an employee benefit and also between the different nations. For example,

Ethiopia received a soft loan from the Chinese government, in September 2012. The Chinese government granted a soft loan package totaling US$23 million to support Ethiopian development activities. The loan is part of China’s plan to support Ethiopia and to promote the development of trade between Ethiopia and China.

[/vc_column_text][/vc_tta_section][/vc_tta_tabs][vc_column_text]

Digitalisation and the future of lending system

Digital era of the lending system was originated in the 21st century. Banking and Financial services transformed into the digital world which made the pathway to the digital lending system. A lot of financial software is arisen to reduce the manual work and the traditional process involved in the lending system.
The introduction of online banking and mobile banking made the process of lending so easy for the borrower as well as the lender.
In 2010, LendingTree.com survey found that 21% of prospective home loan consumers shopped online. In 2015, BBVA survey states that 45% increase in consumer loans through mobile phones.
Now, the rise of Fintech made much more changes in the lending system and also gives rise to many peer to peer lending sites. The peer to peer lending sites like Upstart, Lending club, SoFi make the borrower get the loans directly online without any physical appearance. And also sites like Lendbox, Peerform act as a platform for borrower and lender to meet each other online.
Recently, Amazon also enters into the field of lending by providing the loans to the vendors and also providing the educational loan to its prime student customers.
There are much more changes are happening and going to happen in the future. The people are completely moving to the automated world where everything available online inside their smart phones. Since the people are also started using the high price smart phones which may be used as collateral for short-term loans in the future!!!.[/vc_column_text][stm_post_comments][vc_column_text]